Overview of Medical Ethics
Ethical rules were followed throughout the lifetime of the physician profession, originally being established at around 400 B.C. by Hippocrates; the Father of Medicine, who developed the "Oath of Medical Ethics" that physicians are to follow.
The main and basic ethic principles are:
Respect for Persons: Including two moral requirements: to acknowledge autonomy and to protect those with diminished automony.
Beneficence: Respecting patients' decisions, keeping them from harm, making sure they have a secure well-being.
Justice: Ensure there is a fair distribution among all classes, and to prevent classes (i.e. minorities) from being selected systematically.
The main and basic ethic principles are:
Respect for Persons: Including two moral requirements: to acknowledge autonomy and to protect those with diminished automony.
Beneficence: Respecting patients' decisions, keeping them from harm, making sure they have a secure well-being.
Justice: Ensure there is a fair distribution among all classes, and to prevent classes (i.e. minorities) from being selected systematically.
Ethics in Neuroscience
Privacy is a big issue when it comes to neuroimaging. Scans of the brain and/or body make a person "transparent". In brain scans, doctors are able to see how a person thinks, that includes: racial bias, trustworthiness, moral reasoning, economic cooperation, social rejection, and even comsumer brand attatchments.
Brain Enhancement: Although brain enhancement have been used by taking non-medical drugs to affect mood, memory, attention or alertness, an issue of overall saftey when taking the enhancement drugs has been raised. The enhancements involve the intervening of complex systems (like the mind of a person) and can have long-term effects or conequences. Memory enhancements can eventually damage the memory retrival of a person.
Technical Interventions: Concerns have been raised with the identity, agency, and inviobility of a person. Because there is little understanding of how brains circuits react with each other and how some manipulations may in an area may affect non-targeted areas of behavior and/or personality. Behavior and personality alterations have been observed in patients that have deep-brain stimulation.
Neuroprosthetics covey mechanicistic views of the human body and mind, raising a question: "What distinguishes humans from machines?"
Electronic Brain Enhancements sparks sinister scenarios which involve mind control of a person, hybrid brains, and cyborg humans.
Brain Enhancement: Although brain enhancement have been used by taking non-medical drugs to affect mood, memory, attention or alertness, an issue of overall saftey when taking the enhancement drugs has been raised. The enhancements involve the intervening of complex systems (like the mind of a person) and can have long-term effects or conequences. Memory enhancements can eventually damage the memory retrival of a person.
Technical Interventions: Concerns have been raised with the identity, agency, and inviobility of a person. Because there is little understanding of how brains circuits react with each other and how some manipulations may in an area may affect non-targeted areas of behavior and/or personality. Behavior and personality alterations have been observed in patients that have deep-brain stimulation.
Neuroprosthetics covey mechanicistic views of the human body and mind, raising a question: "What distinguishes humans from machines?"
Electronic Brain Enhancements sparks sinister scenarios which involve mind control of a person, hybrid brains, and cyborg humans.